FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\grn
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\grn
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
grain
Annotation Symbol
CG9656
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0001138
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
50 publicly available
Gene Summary
grain (grn) encodes a transcription factor from the GATA family. It regulates the expression of receptors and adhesion molecules such as those encoded by unc-5 and Fas2 involved in axon guidance. It contributes to multiple other developmental processes including leg and larval spiracle morphogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

GATAc, gra, dGATAc, l(3)84Fa, Gata-c

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
84F1-84F1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-48
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:8147368..8181444
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Lin et al., 1995)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001600628
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:pnr; FB:FBgn0003117
(Lin et al., 1995)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR039355
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001600628
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000679
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables zinc ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR013088
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in animal organ morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
involved_in motor neuron axon guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zarin et al., 2012)
involved_in tissue development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell fate commitment
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000800998
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001600628
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001600628
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR039355
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001600628
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
grain (grn) encodes a transcription factor from the GATA family. It regulates the expression of receptors and adhesion molecules such as those encoded by unc-5 and Fas2 involved in axon guidance. It contributes to multiple other developmental processes including leg and larval spiracle morphogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
GATA TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
GATA transcription factors contain one or two zinc fingers with the amino acid sequence CX2CX17CX2C (where x is any other amino acid) that can bind the consensus DNA sequence (A/T) GATA (A/G). (Adapted from FBrf0195200).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Transcription factor that is vital to the development of multiple organ systems. Binds to the core consensus sequence 5'-WGATAR-3'.
(UniProt, P91623)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
grn: grain
Homozygous lethal; filzkorper or embryo not elongated; head skeleton defective.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

zinc finger - GATA family - required during development for shaping the adult legs and the larval posterior spiracles

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\grn for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P91623)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Stop-codon suppression (UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene_with_stop_codon_read_through
(Jungreis et al., 2011)
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
grn-RA
FBtr0081808
NM_169206
3451
486
grn-RB
FBtr0300040
NM_001144554
4090
699
grn-RC
FBtr0330188
NM_001275437
4090
712
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.112 (longest cDNA)

(Lin et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
grn-PA
FBpp0081304
50.6
486
9.72
P91623
NP_731211
AAF54195
grn-PB
FBpp0289317
71.0
699
9.70
B7Z0V4
NP_001138026
ACL83485
grn-PC
FBpp0303221
72.4
712
9.70
A0A0B4KFB6
NP_001262366
AGB95748
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

486 (aa)

(Lin et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\grn using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.62

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
embryonic/larval anterior midgut
(Hernández de Madrid and Casanova, 2018)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 5
embryonic head | dorsal | precursor

Comment: late embryonic stage 5

(Lin et al., 1995)
organism | 40-60% egg length | dorsal

Comment: late embryonic stage 5

(Lin et al., 1995)
organism | ventral

Comment: late embryonic stage 5

(Lin et al., 1995)
organism | 10-30% egg length | dorsal

Comment: late stage 5; reference states 15-25% egg length

(Lin et al., 1995)
embryonic stage 5 -- 17
organism
(Lin et al., 1995)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | gap expression pattern
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
clypeo-labral primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as dorsal epidermis anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
posterior midgut primordium
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
lateral ectoderm
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
posterior spiracle primordium

Comment: reported as posterior spiracle specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012, Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
anterior midgut primordium
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
clypeo-labral primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Lin et al., 1995)
anterior midgut primordium
(Lin et al., 1995)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Lin et al., 1995)
posterior midgut primordium
(Lin et al., 1995)
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
labral segment | anterior
(Lin et al., 1995)
adult optic lobe
(Lin et al., 1995)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | segmentally repeated
(Lin et al., 1995)
embryonic brain
(Lin et al., 1995)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic epipharynx
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
wandering third instar larval stage
prothoracic leg disc | restricted
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
prothoracic femur | precursor
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
prothoracic tibia | precursor
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
mesothoracic leg disc | restricted
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
mesothoracic femur | precursor
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
mesothoracic tibia | precursor
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
metathoracic leg disc | restricted
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
metathoracic femur | precursor
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
metathoracic tibia | precursor
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
wing hinge primordium
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
prepupal stage
wing hinge primordium
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
wing margin | precursor
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
femur | precursor
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
tibia | precursor
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
pretarsus | precursor
(Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
Additional Descriptive Data

grn expression is most prominent in the procephalic region at stages 6-10 and in the posterior spiracles, gut and central nervous system at stage 11-13.

(Lin et al., 1995)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Garces and Thor, 2006)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Garces and Thor, 2006)
lateral ectoderm | subset
(Garces and Thor, 2006)
embryonic stage 12 -- 14
larval DA1 motor neuron
(Garces and Thor, 2006)
larval RP2 motor neuron
(Garces and Thor, 2006)
U neuron
(Garces and Thor, 2006)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male
spermatozoon
(Dorus et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data

grn protein is expressed in the posterior spiracles, the midgut, and in a patch of cells in the lateral ectoderm as well as in a diverse set of interneurons and motorneurons that extend axons along the major axon tracts.

(Garces and Thor, 2006)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\grn in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 11 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 16 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of grn
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of grn
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 21 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal (with grnSPJ9)
lethal (with grnunspecified)
lethal (with grnV24-20C)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
partially lethal - majority die | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4Ubi.PU
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal neuroanatomy (with Df(3R)dsx3)
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage
majority die during P-stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4Ubi.PU
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible | recessive | somatic clone
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
cephalopharyngeal skeleton
cephalopharyngeal skeleton, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3
cephalopharyngeal skeleton (with Df(3R)dsx10M)
dorsal bridge (with Df(3R)dsx10M)
embryonic abdominal segment 8, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3
embryonic abdominal segment 9, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3
embryonic abdominal segment 10, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3
embryonic telson, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3
femur | somatic clone
filzkorper
filzkorper (with Df(3R)dsx10M)
larval DA1 motor neuron (with Df(3R)dsx3)
larval intersegmental nerve
larval intersegmental nerve (with Df(3R)dsx3)
larval RP2 motor neuron (with Df(3R)dsx3)
lateral process of cephalopharyngeal skeleton (with Df(3R)dsx10M)
leg | proximal | somatic clone
stigmatophore
stigmatophore (with Df(3R)dsx10M)
tibia | somatic clone
ventral denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (8)
Hsap\GATA3
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\GATA2
10 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GATA1
7 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GATA4
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GATA5
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GATA6
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TRPS1
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZGLP1
2 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (8)
Rnor\Gata3
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Gata2
10 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gata1
7 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gata6
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gata4
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gata5
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Trps1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zglp1
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (8)
Mmus\Gata2
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Gata3
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Gata1
7 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gata5
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gata6
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gata4
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Mmus\Trps1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zglp1
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (12)
Xtro\gata2
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\gata1
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gata3
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\hdc
5 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gata4
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gata6
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\elavl3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gata5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\orc6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sord
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\trps1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zglp1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (9)
Drer\gata3
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gata2a
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gata2b
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gata1a
8 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gata1b
7 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gata5
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\gata4
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\zglp1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gata6
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (12)
Cele\elt-1
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\elt-2
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\end-3
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\elt-3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\elt-4
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\elt-6
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\end-1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\med-1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\egl-18
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\elt-7
2 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\med-2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\C39B10.7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (4)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004228
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002236
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002235
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002238
3 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (78)
Atha\AT4G16141
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\GATA15
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\GATA16
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\GATA17
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\GATA19
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\CGA1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA10
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA14
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA23
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA26
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GNC
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\MNP
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\APRR2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\APRR4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\APRR6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ARR3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ARR4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ARR6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ARR7
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ARR9
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ARR11
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ARR15
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G05290
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G07050
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G07440
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G46670
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G14370
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G62110
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\BBX14
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\BBX15
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\BBX16
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\BBX17
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\BME3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CIA2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CIL
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CO
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\COL1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\COL2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\COL3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\COL4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\COL5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GATA3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA4
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GATA5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA7
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA9
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GATA11
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA12
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA13
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA20
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GATA27
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GATA29
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\PRR3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\PRR5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\PRR7
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\PRR9
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR10
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR12
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR13
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR14
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR16
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR17
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR18
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR19
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR20
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR21
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RR23
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\TOC1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ZIM
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ZML1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ZML2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (9)
Scer\GLN3
6 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\GZF3
6 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\GAT1
5 of 13
No
No
Scer\DAL80
4 of 13
No
No
Scer\ECM23
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\GAT2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\GAT3
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\SRD1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\GAT4
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (4)
Spom\fep1
7 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\SPCC1393.08
6 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\gaf1
3 of 12
No
No
Spom\sfh1
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:grn. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
pnr
8 of 13
GATAe
7 of 13
srp
7 of 13
GATAd
6 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 8 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    GATA3; GATA binding protein 3
    11 of 14
    131320
    GATA2; GATA binding protein 2
    10 of 14
    137295
    GATA1; GATA binding protein 1
    7 of 14
    305371
    GATA4; GATA binding protein 4
    3 of 14
    600576
     
    GATA5; GATA binding protein 5
    3 of 14
    611496
      GATA6; GATA binding protein 6
      3 of 14
      601656
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
      Show/hide secondary interactors 
      (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
      Select Layout:
      Legend:
      Protein
      RNA
      Selected Interactor(s)
      Other Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      grn - Hr78
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Show/hide secondary interactors 
      (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
      esyN Network Key:
      Suppression
      Enhancement
      Other Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      grn
      suppressible
      unc-5
      (Zarin et al., 2012)
      grn
      suppressible
      zfh1
      (Garces and Thor, 2006)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      eve
      enhanceable
      grn
      (Zarin et al., 2014, Garces and Thor, 2006)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map
      3-48
      Cytogenetic map
      84F1-84F1
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      84F1-84F1
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP3060EP3060 and P{PZ}grn05930
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      84F1-84F2
      (Tsai, 1995.5.11, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
      84F1-84F2
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Spradling et al., 1999, Lin et al., 1995)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-48

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-44.8

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      3-

      (Tsai, 1995.5.11)

      3-47

      (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (50)
      Genomic Clones (38)
      cDNA Clones (21)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Garces and Thor, 2006)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            grn acts cell-autonomously in intersegmental nerve motoneurons to ensure proper axon pathfinding to the dorsal most muscles.

            (Garces and Thor, 2006)

            grn affects organ shape by locally controlling cell rearrangement.

            (Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)

            grn has a distinct expression pattern in embryos; most prominent in the procephalic region at stages 6-10 and in the posterior spiracles, gut and central nervous system at stage 11-13.

            (Lin et al., 1995)

            Zygotically active locus involved in the terminal developmental program in the embryo.

            (Strecker et al., 1991)

            grn mutants display non-elongated filzkorper and a defective head skeleton.

            (Jurgens et al., 1984)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: grn GATAc

            (Brown and Castelli-Gair, 1999)

            Source for merge of: grn l(3)84Fa

            (Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000)
            Additional comments

            pnr appears to be a chimeric gene, with the 5' part of the gene derived from grn and the 3' part of the gene derived from GATAe.

            (Rogers and Hartl, 2012)

            "pnr" is a putative chimeric gene derived from the "grn" and "GATAe" genes (where coding sequences of the two parental genes contribute to the coding sequence of the chimeric gene).

            (Rogers et al., 2009)
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: grn CG9656

            (Zhao, 1999.11)
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            CG9656
            (Meadows, 2017.9.14, Rogers and Hartl, 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009)
            CG9656-PA
            (Rogers et al., 2009)
            GATAc
            (Senger and Levine, 2006, Senger et al., 2006, Brown and Castelli-Gair, 1999, Brown et al., 1999, Teakle and Gilmartin, 1998)
            GRAIN
            (Lovegrove et al., 2003)
            Gata-c
            (Spradling et al., 1999)
            Gata2
            Grn
            (Minervini et al., 2022, Saha et al., 2022, Li et al., 2020, Makhnovskii et al., 2020, Papadopoulos et al., 2010)
            dGATA-2
            (Lossky and Wensink, 1995)
            dGATAc
            (Lin et al., 1995, Tsai, 1995.5.11)
            dGatac
            (Ashe et al., 2000)
            gra
            (Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Jurgens et al., 1984)
            grn
            (Balakireva et al., 2024, Li et al., 2024, Sutton et al., 2024, Molina-Gil et al., 2023, Voutyraki et al., 2023, Corrales et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Havula et al., 2022, Velten et al., 2022, Bilder et al., 2021, Everetts et al., 2021, Li, 2021, Liang et al., 2021, Moussalem et al., 2021, Ågren et al., 2020, Kitatani et al., 2020, Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020, Babski et al., 2019, Camus et al., 2019, Kurmangaliyev et al., 2019, Papadopoulos et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Bischof et al., 2018, Hernández de Madrid and Casanova, 2018, Aw et al., 2017, Karaiskos et al., 2017, Stratmann and Thor, 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Gabilondo et al., 2016, Peng et al., 2016, Matsuda et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Neville et al., 2014, Tsikala et al., 2014, Zarin et al., 2014, Saunders et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Manning et al., 2012, Spokony and White, 2012.11.14, Zarin et al., 2012, Bantignies et al., 2011, Jungreis et al., 2011, Papadopoulos et al., 2011, Tolhuis et al., 2011, Zhai et al., 2011, Cook et al., 2010.2.17, Papadopoulos et al., 2010, Dworkin et al., 2009, Rogers et al., 2009, Schuettengruber et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Letizia et al., 2007, Dorus et al., 2006, Garces and Thor, 2006, Lovegrove et al., 2006, Lovegrove et al., 2006)
            l(3)84Fa
            (Baker et al., 1991)
            Name Synonyms
            GATA-factor-c
            Grain
            (Matsuda et al., 2015)
            grain
            (Papadopoulos et al., 2019, Wieschaus and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2016, Zarin et al., 2014, Tolhuis et al., 2011, Zhai et al., 2011, Papadopoulos et al., 2010, Gillis et al., 2008, Garces and Thor, 2006, Senger et al., 2006)
            lethal(3)84Fa
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0004213
            • FBgn0015228
            • FBgn0019991
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 48 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            References (135)