FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\MtnD

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\MtnD

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Metallothionein D

Annotation Symbol

CG33192

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0053192

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

1 publicly available

Gene Summary

Metallothionein D (MtnD) encodes a member of the Metallothionein family whose transcription is strongly inducible by copper and cadmium ions. Its induction depends on the transcription factor encoded by MTF-1. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

metallothionein

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

92F1-92F1

Sequence location

3R:20,534,962..20,535,301 [+]

Recombination map

3-69

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:20534962..20535301

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables metal ion binding

inferred from direct assay

(Pérez-Rafael et al., 2012)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables metal ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000966

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cellular detoxification of metal ion

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Egli et al., 2006)

involved_in response to copper ion

inferred from direct assay

(Atanesyan et al., 2011)

involved_in response to metal ion

inferred from direct assay

(Egli et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in response to metal ion

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:MtnE; FB:FBgn0262146

(Atanesyan et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

METALLOTHIONEINS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 5 family. (Q8I9B4)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Metallothionein, family 5, Diptera

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

METALLOTHIONEINS -: Metallothioneins constitute a family of cysteine-rich, low molecular weight metal-binding proteins. They bind physiological metals, such as zinc and copper, as well as nonessential, toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium, mercury, and silver. They play an essential role in heavy metal detoxification and in maintaining the homeostasis of essential trace metals. They are also involved in the protection against free radicals and oxidative stress. (Adapted from FBrf0215591).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

This protein binds cations of several transition elements. Thought to be involved in metal ion homeostasis (By similarity).

(UniProt, Q8I9B4)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\MtnD for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q8I9B4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Original gene annotation based on personal communication to FlyBase from Anand Selvaraj (FBrf0155339).

Mutation in sequenced strain: premature stop (nonsense mutation); see MtnD[OreR].

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

MtnD-RB

FBtr0308064

NM_176518

274

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

MtnD-PB

FBpp0300409

4.5

8.15

Q8I9B4

NP_788695

AAO41579

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Domain

All cysteine residues are arranged in C-X-C groups. These are thought to be the metal-binding sites in other metallothioneins.

(UniProt, Q8I9B4)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Metallothionein, family 5, Diptera

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q8I9B4

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\MtnD using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

MtnD_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.38

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{MtnD.GFP}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

embryonic/larval midgut

(Atanesyan et al., 2011)

embryonic/larval copper cell

(Atanesyan et al., 2011)

larval iron accumulating cell

(Atanesyan et al., 2011)

Reporter: P{MtnD.mCherry}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

embryonic/larval midgut

(Atanesyan et al., 2011)

embryonic/larval copper cell

(Atanesyan et al., 2011)

larval iron accumulating cell

(Atanesyan et al., 2011)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\MtnD in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\MtnD

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\MtnD

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

326270/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0053192

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0053192

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0053192

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0053192

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of MtnD

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of MtnD

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (11)

Hsap\MT1B

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\MT1E

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\MT1F

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\MT1G

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\MT1H

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\MT1HL1

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\MT1M

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\MT1X

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\MT2A

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\MT3

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\MT4

1 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)

Rnor\Mt1m

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Mt2A

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Mt3

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Mt4

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)

Mmus\Mt1

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Mt2

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Mt3

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Mt4

1 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

Cele\mtl-1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\mtl-2

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP001890

2 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (4)

Atha\MT1A

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\MT1C

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\MT2A

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\MT2B

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)

Scer\CRS5

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\CUP1-1

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\CUP1-2

1 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\zym1

1 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:MtnD. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)

4 of 13

4 of 13

3 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

MtnD^OreR

ameliorates Friedreich ataxia 1

modeled by fh^RNAi.UAS.cAa

(Soriano et al., 2016)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

MTF-1

enhanceable

MtnA|MtnB|MtnC|MtnD

(Günther et al., 2012)

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0053192

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-69

Cytogenetic map

92F1-92F1

Sequence location

3R:20,534,962..20,535,301 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

92F1-92F1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)10585¹⁰⁵⁸⁵ and P{EP}Synd^EP409

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-69

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-72.7

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (1)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

VDRC

v330619

P{VSH330619}attP40

Genomic Clones (20)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (4)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0053192

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0053192

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

CdR200

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Source for identity of MtnD CG33192 was sequence comparison ( date:021205 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: MtnD CG33192

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG33192

(Meadows, 2019.11.20, Meadows, 2018.10.31, Herranz et al., 2012)

(Debec et al., 1985)

MTND

(Kaufman et al., 2021)

mtnD

(Kappeler et al., 2008)

Name Synonyms

Metallothionein D

(Qu et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2011)

metallothionein

(Balamurugan et al., 2007, Debec et al., 1985)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 23 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

326270

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

AF546903

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q8I9B4

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q8I9B4

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q8I9B4

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

326270/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0053192

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0053192

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0053192

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Metallothionein, family 5, Diptera

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG33192

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

326270

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0053192

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0053192

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0053192

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

MtnD_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0053192

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0053192

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0053192

References (63)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.38

Report Sections