FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\wash
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\wash
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
washout
Annotation Symbol
CG13176
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0033692
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
washout (wash) encodes a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein that polymerizes branched actin through activation of the Arp2/3 complex, as well as bundles and/or crosslinks actin and microtubules. It functions as a downstream effector of the product of Rho1 in a context dependent manner. It is involved in nuclear and cytoplasmic cytoskeleton related cellular processes, including ooplasmic streaming, endosome recycing, hemocyte migration, and global nuclear organization. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

p63, p65

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-66
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:12180493..12182373
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (35 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Rho1; FB:FBgn0014020
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Lam; FB:FBgn0002525
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:spir; FB:FBgn0003475
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR028290
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001154810
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001154810
Biological Process (20 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (18 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001154810
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR028290
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001154810
involved_in exocytosis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001154810
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001154810
Cellular Component (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
located_in endosome
inferred from direct assay
colocalizes_with nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
located_in nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleoplasm
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
part_of WASH complex
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in early endosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001154810
located_in early endosome
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR028290
is_active_in recycling endosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001154810
part_of WASH complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001154810
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:A8K0Z3
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR028290
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the WASH1 family. (Q7JW27)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
washout (wash) encodes a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein that polymerizes branched actin through activation of the Arp2/3 complex, as well as bundles and/or crosslinks actin and microtubules. It functions as a downstream effector of the product of Rho1 in a context dependent manner. It is involved in nuclear and cytoplasmic cytoskeleton related cellular processes, including ooplasmic streaming, endosome recycing, hemocyte migration, and global nuclear organization. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME PROTEINS -
The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Proteins (WASP) are a family of nucleation-promoting factors. WASP proteins share a conserved Arp2/3-complex-activating C-terminal VCA/WCA (verprolin/WASP, cofilin, acidic) domain. WASP members participate in cytoskeleton organization, notably through the stimulation of the actin-nucleating activity of the Arp2/3 complex. (Adapted from FBrf0230860 and FBrf0217509).
WASP AND SCAR HOMOLOG COMPLEX -
The WASP and SCAR Homologue complex (WASH-C) is a multi-subunit complex that activates Arp2/3-mediated actin nucleation. WASH-C contains the nucleation-promoting factor wash, a member of the WASP family. (Adapted from FBrf0232381 and PMID:19922875).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Acts as a nucleation-promoting factor by activating the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization (PubMed:19633175). Participates in both linear- and branched-actin networks (PubMed:19633175). Functions in linear-filament (bundled F-actin) by acting downstream of Rho1 and regulating actin and microtubule organization during oogenesis (PubMed:19633175). Nucleates actin in an Arp2/3-dependent manner and exhibits F-actin and microtubule bundling and cross-linking activity in the egg chamber (PubMed:19633175). During embryogenesis, acts downstream of Rho1 to activate the Arp2/3 complex which is necessary for the developmental migration of tail hemocytes anteriorly along the ventral midline (PubMed:25739458). Its function in hemocyte transmigration is independent of the WASH complex (PubMed:25739458). May play a role in endosomal sorting; its assembly in the WASH complex may regulate its nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) activity.
(UniProt, Q7JW27)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

cytoskeletal protein - acts upstream of Arp2/3 which in turn mediates actin nucleation activity - functions downstream of Rho1 and the formin Cappuccino to control actin and microtubule dynamics during oogenesis - bundles and crosslinks F-actin and microtubules

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\wash for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q7JW27)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0087989
1751
499
FBtr0339595
1796
499
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0087097
53.2
499
6.10
FBpp0308667
53.2
499
6.10
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

499 aa isoforms: wash-PA, wash-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the WASH complex (PubMed:20498093). Interacts with spir and capu (PubMed:19633175). Interacts (via N-terminus) with Rho1 (via N-terminus) (PubMed:25739458).

(UniProt, Q7JW27)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\wash using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

5.13

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
located_in endosome
inferred from direct assay
colocalizes_with nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
located_in nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleoplasm
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
part_of WASH complex
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\wash in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 20 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of wash
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of wash
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:wash. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Other Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Component of the WASH complex (PubMed:20498093). Interacts with spir and capu (PubMed:19633175). Interacts (via N-terminus) with Rho1 (via N-terminus) (PubMed:25739458).
    (UniProt, Q7JW27 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-66
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    48E6-48E6
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}SmD302833 and P{PZ}Cam03909
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (17)
    Genomic Clones (15)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (65)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          Identification: as a protein found in a Trf2-containing complex.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: wash CG13176

          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology

          The gene symbol "wash" is an acronym formed from "Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein and SCAR Homolog".

          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 44 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          References (63)