FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\Irbp
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Irbp
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Inverted repeat-binding protein
Annotation Symbol
CG5247
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0011774
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Inverted repeat-binding protein (Irbp) encodes a protein that, together with the product of Ku80, forms part of the Ku protein complex, which is involved in double-strand break repair via non-homologous end joining and telomere maintenance. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-13] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

Ku70, YPF1, DmKu70, Ku, YPF1β

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-51
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:11410047..11412440
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
contributes_to DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
enables DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P12956
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006165
enables DNA binding
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:4055
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005160
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288287
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006165
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288287
Biological Process (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006165
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288287
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006165
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288287
located_in nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006165
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ku70 family. (Q23976)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Inverted repeat-binding protein (Irbp) encodes a protein that, together with the product of Ku80, forms part of the Ku protein complex, which is involved in double-strand break repair via non-homologous end joining and telomere maintenance. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-13]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
5'-DEOXYRIBOSE-5-PHOSPHATE LYASES -
5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyases catalyze the excision of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site in DNA where a DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase has already cleaved the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site. These enzymes play an important role in base excision repair pathway responsible for the repair of DNA lesions. (Adapted from PMID:11457865).
UNCLASSIFIED DNA HELICASES -
This group comprises DNA helicases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent helicase. Involved in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA double strand break repair (By similarity). Sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that has a high affinity for a 31 bp sequence in the Yp1 gene. Site-specific DNA binding to 31 bp P element inverted repeats.
(UniProt, Q23976)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Irbp for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q23976)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Multiphase exon postulated: exon reading frame differs in alternative transcripts.

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0082385
2149
631
FBtr0334308
2048
265
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0081861
72.5
631
6.66
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Heterodimer of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit.

(UniProt, Q23976)
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Irbp using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.11

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Irbp in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Irbp
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Irbp
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Irbp. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
2 of 13
2 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Heterodimer of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit.
    (UniProt, Q23976 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-51
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    86E4-86E4
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP3340EP3340 and P{PZ}tho1&P{PZ}l(3)0462905275
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    86E2-86E3
    86E2-86E3
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    34C-34C
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Not 34C1--34C7 as reported in FBrf0068542.
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (9)
    Genomic Clones (11)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (68)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        Irbp has a role in length regulation of telomeres.

        A decrease in Irbp gene dosage causes a sharp increase in the frequency of HeT-A and TART-element attachments to a broken chromosome end and strongly enhances terminal DNA elongation by gene conversion. However, reduction in Irbp function also reduces the stability of terminally deficient chromosomes.

        The DNA binding properties of YPF1, a heterodimeric protein encoded by Ypf1a and Irbp, have been investigated.

        Irbp may act to preserve P-element ends when transposition produces a double strand gap. This allows the terminus to serve as a template upon which DNA synthesis can act to repair the gap.

        Irbp gene product specifically interacts with the outer half of the 31bp terminal inverted repeats.

        Isolated from an ovarian cDNA expression library.

        Irbp has been cloned. The purified Irbp subunit binds DNA.

        The Irbp protein is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that has a high affinity for a 31bp sequence in the Yp1 gene necessary for normal steady state levels of Yp1 RNA in vivo.

        DNase I footprinting has identified a protein from Kc cells that binds to the P-element 31bp inverted repeats. UV photochemical crosslinking and purification of protein identifies the DNA binding activity within a polypeptide of 66kD.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: Irbp Ypf1b

        Additional comments

        snoRNA:Irbp-a is encoded in an intron of Irbp.

        It had previously been suggested that mus309 corresponds to Irbp (FBrf0086898). Detailed deletion mapping suggests that this was incorrect and mus309 actually corresponds to blm, which is supported by the identification of mutations in the blm coding sequence for two mus309 alleles.

        Identity of "Irbp" to "Ypf1b" based on DNA sequence identity.

        mus309 stated to correspond to Irbp. Subsequent information suggests that this is not the case (see Kusano et al., 2001, Science 291(5513): 2600--2602).

        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        Ypf1b
        Name Synonyms
        Inverted repeat-binding protein
        Yolk protein factor 1b
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0004048
        • FBgn0011292
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 48 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        References (117)