FB2024_03 , released April 23, 2024
Gene: Dmel\Def
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Def
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Defensin
Annotation Symbol
CG1385
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0010385
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Gene Summary
Defensin (Def) encodes an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It is induced in the fat body during the systemic immune response and is expressed in various epithelia. The expression of Def is regulated at the transcriptional level by both the immune deficiency and Toll pathways. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Dfn

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
46D9-46D9
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-61
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:10054178..10054576
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in antibacterial humoral response
inferred from expression pattern
(Dimarcq et al., 1994)
involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
inferred from direct assay
(Levashina et al., 1995)
inferred from expression pattern
(Gordon et al., 2008)
involved_in humoral immune response
inferred from expression pattern
(Verleyen et al., 2006)
involved_in response to bacterium
inferred from direct assay
(Wagner et al., 2009)
inferred from high throughput expression pattern
(Levy et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in antibacterial humoral response
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Dimarcq et al., 1994)
involved_in defense response to bacterium
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001007287
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in defense response
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001542
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in humoral immune response
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001007287
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in extracellular space
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000342060
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the invertebrate defensin family. Type 1 subfamily. (P36192)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Defensin (Def) encodes an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It is induced in the fat body during the systemic immune response and is expressed in various epithelia. The expression of Def is regulated at the transcriptional level by both the immune deficiency and Toll pathways. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES -
This group comprises antimicrobial peptides that are single gene family members in D. melanogaster. (Adapted from FBrf0241672.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Responsible for the anti Gram-positive activity of immune hemolymph. Expressed in the absence of immune challenge during metamorphosis.
(UniProt, P36192)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Def for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P36192)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Def-RA
FBtr0088432
NM_078948
399
92
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Def-PA
FBpp0087518
10.2
92
7.44
P36192
NP_523672
AAF58855
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

92 (aa)

(Dimarcq et al., 1994)
Comments

Small Def-derived peptides identified by nano LC-MS/MS: VSDVDPIPEDHVL, VHEDAHQEVLQHSRQ.

(Verleyen et al., 2006)
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Def using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.61

Transcript Expression
expression microarray
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | female
seminal receptacle
(Prokupek et al., 2009)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
embryonic/larval fat body
(Dimarcq et al., 1994)
adult stage
adult fat body
(Dimarcq et al., 1994)
Additional Descriptive Data

Def transcripts are detected in larvae and adults after infection with bacteria. They are detected at very low levels in pupae and adults in the absence of bacterial challenge.

(Dimarcq et al., 1994)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval hemolymph

Comment: infected with M. luteus and E. coli

peptides: VSDVDPIPEDHVL

(Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Def in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Def
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Def
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2R)pentA17
(Vuilleumier et al., 2010)
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\DEFI_ANOGA
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\DEF2
2 of 12
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Def. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    DefUAS.cUa
    model of  neurodegenerative disease
    CEA
    (Cao et al., 2013)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    DefKK111656
    exacerbates  carcinoma
    modeled by dlg1A40.2
    (Parvy et al., 2019)
    DefUAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA
    ameliorates  hematologic cancer
    modeled by mxc1
    (Araki et al., 2019)
    DefSK3
    exacerbates  carcinoma
    modeled by dlg1A40.2
    (Parvy et al., 2019)
    modeled by scrib1
    (Parvy et al., 2019)
    DefSK4
    exacerbates  carcinoma
    modeled by dlg1A40.2
    (Parvy et al., 2019)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Other Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    dlg1
    enhanceable
    Def|imd
    (Parvy et al., 2019)
    dlg1
    suppressible
    Def|imd
    (Parvy et al., 2019)
    dlg1
    suppressible
    Def
    (Parvy et al., 2019)
    dlg1
    suppressible
    Def|Myd88
    (Parvy et al., 2019)
    dlg1
    enhanceable
    Def
    (Parvy et al., 2019)
    scrib
    suppressible
    Def
    (Parvy et al., 2019)
    scrib
    enhanceable
    Def
    (Parvy et al., 2019)
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-61
    Cytogenetic map
    46D9-46D9
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    46D9-46D9
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Adamk13906&P{EP}Pka-R2EP2162 and P{PZ}14-3-3ζ07103
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    46C-46D
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Dimarcq et al., 1994)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    2-61

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    2-60.2

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    2-

    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes

    Right arm.

    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (5)
    Genomic Clones (16)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (3)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Ji et al., 2014)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            Ecol\lacZDpt.PR adults are pricked with a sterile needle dipped in culture pellets of various living microorganisms (distinct bacterial strains, fungal spores or hyphae). Pricking results in a low but clearly detectable expression of all antimicrobial genes and these genes are induced above the background level by specific classes of microorganism.

            (Lemaitre et al., 1997)

            Genes encoding antibacterial peptides are regulated in a manner distinct from that of Drs, encoding the antifungal peptide.

            (Lemaitre et al., 1996)

            Def has been cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern has been analysed.

            (Dimarcq et al., 1994)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            143607_at
            (Kristensen et al., 2005)
            CG1385
            (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Yadav and Eleftherianos, 2019, Palu and Thummel, 2016, Petersen et al., 2012, Douglas et al., 2011, Gendrin et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006, Levy et al., 2004, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Fulton et al., 2001, Irving et al., 2001)
            DEF
            (Gao et al., 2024, Bossen et al., 2023, Kim et al., 2015, Christophides et al., 2002)
            DIM 26
            (Levy et al., 2004)
            Def
            (Alaraby et al., 2024, Hersperger et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2024, Rommelaere et al., 2024, Chen et al., 2023, Hsieh and Chiang, 2023, Huang et al., 2023, Keith, 2023, Kuyateh and Obbard, 2023, Odnokoz et al., 2023, Touré et al., 2023, Abe et al., 2022, Chen et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Hodge et al., 2022, Liu et al., 2022, Shit et al., 2022, Shrivastava et al., 2022, Waring et al., 2022, Wu and Yan, 2022, Wu et al., 2022, Zhou et al., 2022, Zhou et al., 2022, Ahmed-Braimah et al., 2021, Kanoh et al., 2021, Parks et al., 2021, Watson et al., 2021, Yamashita et al., 2021, Zhou et al., 2021, Barretto et al., 2020, Delbare et al., 2020, Krautz et al., 2020, Lim et al., 2020, Martínez et al., 2020, Suh et al., 2020, Swanson et al., 2020, Swanson et al., 2020, Araki et al., 2019, Belmonte et al., 2019, Chambers et al., 2019, Hanson et al., 2019, He et al., 2019, Kano and Yagi, 2019, Lin et al., 2019, Maitra et al., 2019, Sanuki et al., 2019, Badinloo et al., 2018, Barajas-Azpeleta et al., 2018, Yu et al., 2018, Duneau et al., 2017, Odnokoz et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2017, Bartok et al., 2015, Buchon and Osman, 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2014, Haller et al., 2014, Ji et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Clark et al., 2013, Gendrin et al., 2013, Shen et al., 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Telonis-Scott et al., 2013, Doroszuk et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Cheng et al., 2011, Clark et al., 2011, Galac and Lazzaro, 2011, Gerbasi et al., 2011, Karpac et al., 2011, van Eyk et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Blanco et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2009, Gendrin et al., 2009, Helenius et al., 2009, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2009, Prokupek et al., 2009, Sackton and Clark, 2009, Bergeret et al., 2008, Gordon et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2008, Ryu et al., 2008, Curtis et al., 2007, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Ren et al., 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Brun et al., 2006, Leulier et al., 2006, Shin et al., 2005, Lazzaro et al., 2004, Uvell and Engstrom, 2003, Rutschmann et al., 2002)
            Defensin
            (Singh and Tapadia, 2022, Ma et al., 2021, Hanson and Lemaitre, 2020, Li et al., 2017)
            Dfn
            (Zhou et al., 2016, Zhu et al., 2014)
            def
            (Frat et al., 2023, Snee et al., 2023, Wagner et al., 2021, Parvy et al., 2019, Li et al., 2018, Dissel et al., 2015, Donlea et al., 2014, Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010, Marshall and Sinclair, 2010, Wagner et al., 2009, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Lee and Edery, 2008, Leulier et al., 2000)
            defensin
            (Sepúlveda-Salinas and Ramos-Castañeda, 2017, Orme et al., 2016)
            Name Synonyms
            Defencin
            (Singh and Tapadia, 2019)
            Defensin
            (Krejčová et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2024, Chen et al., 2023, Parks et al., 2023, Chen et al., 2022, Cheung et al., 2022, Liegeois and Ferrandon, 2022, Li et al., 2022, Pratomo et al., 2022, Yu et al., 2022, Bilder et al., 2021, Ozakman and Eleftherianos, 2021, Rydbom et al., 2021, Song et al., 2021, Zhu et al., 2021, Deng et al., 2020, Eleftherianos and Sachar, 2020, Iwashita et al., 2020, Shaposhnikov et al., 2020, Suh et al., 2020, Parvy et al., 2019, Yadav and Eleftherianos, 2019, Su et al., 2018, Westfall et al., 2018, Jones et al., 2017, Shokal and Eleftherianos, 2017, Kaynar et al., 2016, Unckless and Lazzaro, 2016, Xiong et al., 2016, Moskalev et al., 2015, Pragya et al., 2015, Zhan et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Haller et al., 2014, Ji et al., 2014, Tan et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Cao et al., 2013, Clark et al., 2013, Di Prisco et al., 2013, Oh et al., 2013, Eleftherianos and Castillo, 2012, Igboin et al., 2012, Longworth et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Akbar et al., 2011, Cheng et al., 2011, Clark et al., 2011, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2011, Nehme et al., 2011, Schmidt et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Wong et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Fernández-Ayala et al., 2010, Matova and Anderson, 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Vuilleumier et al., 2010, Carpenter et al., 2009, Charroux and Royet, 2009, Costa et al., 2009, Gendrin et al., 2009, Helenius et al., 2009, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2009, Bergeret et al., 2008, Flatt et al., 2008, Gordon et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2008, Ryu et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Brennan et al., 2007, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Huh et al., 2007, Lai et al., 2007, Morozova et al., 2007, Tanji et al., 2007, Wu et al., 2007, Lazzaro et al., 2006, Leulier et al., 2006, Matova and Anderson, 2006, Tanji et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006, Beckstead et al., 2005, Lazzaro et al., 2004, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2004, Uvell and Engstrom, 2003, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, Rutschmann et al., 2002, Luo et al., 2001, Rutschmann et al., 2000)
            Defensin precursor
            (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008)
            Definsin
            (Marra et al., 2021)
            defensin
            (Nunes et al., 2021, Bakalov et al., 2020, Badinloo et al., 2018, Dubey and Tapadia, 2018, Wei et al., 2018, Koltun et al., 2017, Lee et al., 2017, Kuo and Williams, 2014, Kari et al., 2013, Mandilaras et al., 2013, Bitra et al., 2012, Igboin et al., 2012, Lemaitre et al., 2012, Douglas et al., 2011, Anbutsu and Fukatsu, 2010, Marshall and Sinclair, 2010, Lauwers et al., 2009, Wagner et al., 2009, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Zsindely et al., 2009, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Lee and Edery, 2008, Malagoli et al., 2008, Ratnaparkhi and Courey, 2008, Hallem et al., 2007, Maier et al., 2007, Malagoli et al., 2007, Craig et al., 2004, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Christophides et al., 2002, Ooi et al., 2002, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998, Hetru, 1993.11.11)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 53 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              References (328)