Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^4-57 do not exhibit male courtship, copulation or aggression defects under ambient light. Furthermore, the basal activity of these flies does not significantly differ from wild type.

However, defects in courtship latency (the average time to first unilateral wing extension) are observed in male flies expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^4-57 under infrared light. The flies exhibit a two-fold increased delay in courtship initiation compared to controls. The overall quality of courtship, denoted by courtship index, is also significantly reduced after courtship commences, as measured by the fraction of time devoted to courtship delays during the two minutes after the initiation of orientation/pursuit. Most flies expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^4-57 fail to exhibit any copulatory behaviors under infrared light. The majority of these males perform wing extension/song behaviors but make no detectable attempts at copulation. No difference from controls is seen under ambient light. Suppressing expression in cholinergic neurons using Scer\GAL80^Cha.3.3P significantly rescues the courtship and copulation defects seen under infrared light.

D. melanogaster males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Gp150-52A court D. yakuba males. They do not conspecific D. melanogaster males.

D. melanogaster males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Gr32a.3.776 do not court D. virilis females.

D. melanogaster males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Gp150-52A court conspecific D. melanogaster females. In contrast to wild-type D. melanogaster females, they also court D. simulans, D. yakuba and D. virilis females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^9-159 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^9-55 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^5-59 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^9-31 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^5-41 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^3-54 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^9-217 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^10-64 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^9-73 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^9-116 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^10-49 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^8-232 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^9-163 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^8-147 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^4-11 exhibit chaining behavior and unlike in controls, the amount of time spent courting other males does not reduce with time.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^9-41 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^10-56 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^5-133 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^5-60 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^6-1 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^8-133 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^12-43 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^2-72 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^10-82 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^2-15 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^10-25 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^4-25 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^11-162 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^4-56 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^10-16 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^10-102A exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^3-90 exhibit chaining behavior and show a similar preference for courting males and females.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^9-159 exhibit chaining behavior.

The total percentage of time spent performing wing extensions is not changed in males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} driven by Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC compared to wild-type males.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} driven by Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC have a longer latency to initiate courtship toward the female but copulation rates are not significantly different from that of wild-type males.

In competitive courtship assays, males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} driven by Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC courted a second male a significantly higher percentage of time than control males. Male-to-male wing extension duration is longer in males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} driven by Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC than in wild-type controls.

Aggression of males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC appears similar to that of wild-type controls as tested in fight chambers.

The pairing of wilt-type males in fight chambers without a female target leads solely to displays of aggressive behaviour. Unlike wild-type controls, males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC display male-to-male courtship behaviour characterised by increased unilateral wing extension followed by abdomen bending and attempted copulation directed at second males.

XY animals expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Poxn.14 show little or no midline crossing by foreleg gustatory receptor neuron (GRN) axons, in contrast to XY control males.

When fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} is driven by Scer\GAL4^{Or83b.2.642.T:Hsim\VP22} or Scer\GAL4^SG18.1 results in sustained male-male courtship after 1 hour of pairing. When fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} is driven by Scer\GAL4^OK107, Scer\GAL4^Tab2-201Y or Scer\GAL4^H24 males exhibit a reduced courtship conditioning response (i.e. where males learn not to court recently mated females). When driven by Scer\GAL4^17d this effect is less.

At 25^oC, males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS}, under the control of Scer\GAL4^c309 exhibit no difference in the time between the moment of pairing and start of copulation compared to males carrying fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} alone without Scer\GAL4^c309). However, the presence of fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS}, whether or not driven by Scer\GAL4^c309, results in longer latencies compared with values for wild-type males.

Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the regulation of Scer\GAL4^c309 exhibit marginal courtship decrements toward females but exhibit a significant reduction (to approximately 60% of the control value) when reared at 29^oC. These males also court towards wild-type male partners, but do not anomalously elicit courtship from the wild-type males. These flies exhibit no courtship chaining behavior. Males expressing fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} under the regulation of Scer\GAL4^c309, along with Scer\GAL80^Cha.PK interact with females normally but court other males at anomolously elevated levels. These males also court towards wild-type male partners, but do not anomalously elicit courtship from the wild-type males.

When fru^{dsRNA.M.Scer\UAS} is driven by Scer\GAL4^Gp150-52A in males, courtship latency is decreased, though the mutant males retain the ability to distinguish females from males. These mutants are normal in their general activity. Mutant males also display a marked compression of the remainder of the period of the courtship ritual from initiation of courtship to attempted copulation. Controls exhibit courtship bouts of about 2 minutes, but mutant males attempt copulation within 4s after courtship initiation. The initial stages of courtship (orienting and tapping) are absent. The males rapidly progress to the later stages of licking and attempted copulation, with wing vibration, proboscis extension and attempted copulation often occurring simultaneously. Further more proboscis extension is never directed toward the female's genitalia, but rather toward her dorsal posterior while copulation was being attempted, and never resulted in a successful contact of the proboscis with genital structures. Another behavioural anomaly occurs in these mutants when multiple males are presented with a single females. In controls, initiation of courtship by one male delays the initiation of courtship by the second, however all mutant males in this situation attempt to copulate with the female simultaneously, focusing on the posterior of the single female. However, very few of the attempts at copulation are successful, and once copulation has taken place these matings are sterile. After copulation presence of sperm and a mating plug are rarely detected in the females (unlike controls), and never seen together.