Interaction in vitro; proteins produced as a recombinant fusion proteins in bacterial system.

Ubx and exd bind DNA cooperatively.

Various combinations of Ubx and exd were mixed with [32]P labeled DNA of the dpp80 regulatory element. DNA-protein complexes observed by EMSA were used to deduce protein-protein interactions.

Source was yeast cell line; bait produced as transgenic fusion protein; prey produced as transgenic fusion protein (prey was previously cloned reagent).

Two-hybrid system: yeast GAL4-BD/GAL4-AD

Interaction in vitro; proteins produced as a recombinant fusion protein in bacterial system.

Only heterodimers of Ubx and exd bind strongly to the DNA probe tested; alone, neither binds the DNA probe very well, if at all. Heterodimer formation is affected by mutations in the DNA target.

Ubx and/or exd proteins were mixed with [32]P labeled fkh DNA. DNA-protein complexes observed by EMSA were used to deduce protein-protein interactions.

Interaction in vitro; protein produced as a recombinant fusion protein in bacterial system;

A composite Hox-Exd element that includes adjacent head-to-tail core sites for Ubx and Exd was used as the NDNA binding target in this experiment.

Interaction in vitro; protein produced as a recombinant fusion protein in bacterial system;

A composite Hox-Exd element that includes adjacent head-to-tail core sites for Ubx and Exd was used as the NDNA binding target in this experiment.

Interaction in vitro; proteins produced as a recombinant fusion proteins in bacterial system.

exd and Ubx bind DNA cooperatively as a heterodimer. exd alone does not bind the DNA, and Ubx alone binds only weakly. Mutations to the binding sites disrupt the interaction.

Various combinations of exd and Ubx were mixed with [32]P labeled DNA from a TfAP-2 regulatory region. DNA-protein complexes observed by EMSA were used to deduce protein-protein interactions.

Interaction in vitro; proteins produced by in vitro transcription/translation.

exd, hth and Ubx, in various combinations, were mixed with [32]P labeled DNA. DNA-protein complexes observed by EMSA, corresponding to Ubx-exd heterodimers and Ubx-exd-hth heterotrimers, were used to deduce protein-protein interactions.

Interaction in vitro; protein produced as a recombinant fusion protein in bacterial system;

When Ubx was mixed with hth, exd and Act88F DNA, a higher-order complex was formed.

Interaction in vitro; protein produced in a yeast expression system.

Structures also contain DNA. Structures differ depending on fragment of Ubx present.

Various combinations of exd and Ubx were mixed with [32]P labeled DNA. DNA-protein complexes observed by EMSA were used to deduce protein-protein interactions.

Interaction in vitro; proteins produced as a recombinant fusion proteins in bacterial system.

exd and Ubx bind DNA cooperatively; neither binds DNA on its own in this assay.

Positive control.

Source was cell extract of S2R+ cell line; bait produced from transfected construct; prey produced from transfected construct.

Source was cell extract of S2R+ cell line; bait produced from transfected construct; prey produced from transfected construct.

Positive control.

Interaction in vitro; bait produced as a recombinant fusion protein in bacterial system; prey derived from transfected S2R+ cell extract.

Positive control.