PO45, proPO45
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\PPO2 for information on other features
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Gene model reviewed during 5.40
Gene model reviewed during 5.49
There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene
Upon activation, a trypsin type protease cleaves prophenol oxidase to yield the active enzyme.
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\PPO2 using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
Comment: component of hemolymph clot
PPO2 transcript levels are high in feeding and wandering third instar larvae and not at other stages tested.
Isolated from a pullout assay for proteins contained in clots from larval hemolymph and identified by mass spec.
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\PPO2 in JBrowse2-60
2-58.1
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
polyclonal
PPO1 and PPO2 are the main source of phenoloxidase (PO) activity in the hemolymph (double mutants show no hemolymphatic PO activity upon wounding or after microbial infection). The two genes are not fully redundant: PPO1 is involved in the rapid early delivery of phenoloxidase activity when it is required, while PPO2 protein is accumulated in the crystals of crystal cells and provides a storage form that can be deployed in a second phase. PPO1 and PPO2 have a role in the survival of infection with Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.
FlyBase curator comment: The AB055857 accession is chimeric, containing portions of CG2952 and CG8193 (both of are predicted to encode prophenol oxidases based on their sequence) and also of CG14196.
Developmental expression profile and immunoblot analyses indicate that CG2952 does not encode the A3 phenol oxidase component originally described in FBrf0017315 and it is more likely that CG8193 encodes the A3 component of phenol oxidase. There is a discrepancy between the location of CG8193 and that of the mutant Dox-3 strains described in FBrf0043263. Thus it is possible that these mutant strains do not affect the structural locus for the A3 phenol oxidase component originally described in FBrf0017315, but instead represent a modifying factor.
FlyBase curator comment: The "Dox-3, Dopa oxidase-3" locus originally described in FBrf0043263 had incorrectly been merged with the gene corresponding to the CG2952 annotation in FlyBase, based on the GenBank accession AB055857. The merged gene was called "Dox-A3, Diphenol oxidase A3" (FBgn0000487) in FlyBase, since it had been proposed (in FBrf0043263) that the Dox-3 locus was the structural locus for the A3 phenol oxidase component originally described in FBrf0017315. However, as pointed out in FBrf0207791, the AB055857 accession is chimeric, containing portions of CG2952 and CG8193 (both of are predicted to encode prophenol oxidases based on their sequence) and also of CG14196. Evidence in FBrf0207791 (developmental expression profile, immunoblot analyses) indicates that CG2952 does not encode the A3 phenol oxidase component originally described in FBrf0017315 and it is more likely that CG8193 encodes the A3 component. However FBrf0207791 notes there is a discrepancy between the location of CG8193 and that of the mutant Dox-3 strains described in FBrf0043263. Thus it is possible that these mutant strains do not affect the structural locus for the A3 phenol oxidase component originally described in FBrf0017315, but instead represent a modifying factor. Due to the uncertainty over the various components, the "Dox-A3" (FBgn0000487) gene has been split into two separate genes in FlyBase (release FB_2009_09): a gene representing the CG2952 annotation (this annotation and the gene symbol have been renamed to CG42640 in release 5.22 of the genome annotation to avoid confusion) and "Dox-3, Dopa oxidase-3", representing the locus originally described in FBrf0043263. The CG8193 gene record (FBgn0033367) remains as a separate gene record in FlyBase until more evidence is available to determine whether or not it encodes the structural locus for the A3 phenol oxidase and whether or not the Dox-3 strains affect this locus.
Source for identity of: proPO45 CG8193
Source for identity of: PPO2 proPO45