FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Vm32E

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Vm32E

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Vitelline membrane 32E

Annotation Symbol

CG16874

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0014076

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

8 publicly available

Gene Summary

Vitelline membrane 32E (Vm32E) encodes a structural component of the vitelline membrane and the endochorion layer. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

VMP32E, Vm32Ec

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

32E1-32E1

Sequence location

2L:11,171,167..11,171,665 [-]

Recombination map

2-44

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:11171167..11171665

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables structural constituent of vitelline membrane

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gigliotti et al., 1989)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gigliotti et al., 1989)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in egg chorion

inferred from direct assay

(Andrenacci et al., 2001)

located_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Gigliotti et al., 1989)

located_in vitelline envelope

inferred from direct assay

(Andrenacci et al., 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

VITELLINE MEMBRANE PROTEINS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the vitelline membrane family. (Q9VKI3)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Vitelline membrane cysteine-rich domain

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Vitelline membrane 32E (Vm32E) encodes a structural component of the vitelline membrane and the endochorion layer. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

VITELLINE MEMBRANE PROTEINS -: Vitelline membrane proteins encode structural components of the outer layer of the eggshell. They are characterized by a proline-rich domain and are synthesized during the early stages of eggshell formation. (Adapted from FBrf0205662 and FBrf0209278.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Major early eggshell protein.

(UniProt, Q9VKI3)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Vm32E for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9VKI3)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Vm32E-RA

FBtr0080216

NM_057755

437

116

Vm32E-RB

FBtr0343618

NM_001298908

499

116

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

0.46 (northern blot)

(Gigliotti et al., 1989)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Vm32E-PA

FBpp0079805

12.1

116

5.52

FBpp0310213

12.1

116

5.52

Q9VKI3

NP_001285837

AHN54351

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

116 aa isoforms: Vm32E-PA, Vm32E-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

116 (aa)

(Gigliotti et al., 1989)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Vitelline membrane cysteine-rich domain

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Vm32E using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Vm32E_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.38

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage & oogenesis stage S10

follicle cell

(Gargiulo et al., 1991)

oogenesis

oocyte associated follicular epithelium | restricted

Comment: expression excluded from anterior and posterior-most follicle cells

(Gigliotti et al., 2000)

oogenesis stage S10

main body follicle cell

Comment: excluded from anterior-most and posterior-most follicle cells

(Gargiulo et al., 1991)

oogenesis stage S10B

main body follicle cell | subset

Comment: excluded from anterior-most and posterior-most follicle cells

(Bernardi et al., 2006)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | female

organism

(Gigliotti et al., 1989)

adult stage & oogenesis stage S10

follicle cell

(Gigliotti et al., 1989)

Additional Descriptive Data

Vm32E is expressed by the main-body follicle cells but is missing frm the anterior-most and posterior-most cells.

(Bernardi et al., 2006)

Vm32E is detected in the follicle cells of stage 10 egg chambers. Columnar main body follicle cells are intensely stained, while anterior- and posterior-most follicle cells are unstained. No staining is detected after stage 11. A EcollacZ reporter construct (1069 bp of upstream Vm32E sequence and the first 232 bp of transcribed sequence: Vm32E^{-1069:+232.T:EcollacZ}) shows a comparable pattern of expression.

(Gargiulo et al., 1991)

Vm32E is detected in 1 day-old adult females, and expression intensifies in 3 day-old females. In a Northern blot of staged egg chambers, Vm32E transcript is detected only in stage S10 egg chambers.

(Gigliotti et al., 1989)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis stage S10B

main body follicle cell | subset

Comment: excluded from anterior-most and posterior-most follicle cells

(Bernardi et al., 2006)

Additional Descriptive Data

Vm32E is expressed by the main-body follicle cells but is missing frm the anterior-most and posterior-most cells.

(Bernardi et al., 2006)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in egg chorion

inferred from direct assay

(Andrenacci et al., 2001)

located_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Gigliotti et al., 1989)

located_in vitelline envelope

inferred from direct assay

(Andrenacci et al., 2001)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Vm32E in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Vm32E

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Vm32E

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0014076

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

34558/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0014076

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0014076

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0014076

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0014076

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 21 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Vm32E

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Vm32E

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 4 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2L)Ca-β¹⁰

(Kanamori et al., 2013)

Df(2L)Ca-β⁴⁸

(Kanamori et al., 2013)

Df(2L)Exel6028

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(2L)salm^FRT

(Spletter et al., 2015)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Vm32E^GD5262

viable

Vm32E^f06827

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Vm32E^GD5262

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Vm32E^GD5262

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Vm32E^GD5262

Sterility

Allele

fertile

Vm32E^f06827

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Vm32E. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Vml

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Other Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Other Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

60618

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0014076

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-44

Cytogenetic map

32E1-32E1

Sequence location

2L:11,171,167..11,171,665 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

32E1-32E1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)04008⁰⁴⁰⁰⁸&P{PZ}cmet⁰⁴⁴³¹ and P{PZ}salm⁰³⁶⁰²

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

32E-32E

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Gigliotti et al., 1989)

32E-32F

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Mindrinos et al., 1985)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-44

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-37.7

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (8)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

19015

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{WH}Vm32E^f06827

64653

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC05688}attP40

NIG-Fly

M2L-3277

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; Vm32E^SK11 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

M2L-3278

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; Vm32E^SK12 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

2LG-1435

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-Vm32E.NIG.sgRNA.1}attP40/CyO

2LG-3186

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-Vm32E.NIG.sgRNA.2}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v102810

P{KK112499}VIE-260B

v13247

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD5262}v13247

Genomic Clones (12)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (7)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

IP02048

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0014076

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0014076

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes.

(Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998)

Vm32E upstream sequences between -135bp and -113bp are essential for expression in the ventral columnar follicle cells, while expression in the dorsal follicular cells requires upstream sequences between -348bp and -254bp and also between -118bp and -39bp. the region between -253bp and -119bp contains a negative element that represses expression in the anterior centripetal cells.

(Cavaliere et al., 1997)

The usp gene is essential for the correct spatial expression of Vm32E.

(Cavaliere et al., 1995)

The Vm26Aa, Vm26Ab, Vm32E, Vm34Ca genes make up a multigene family that includes at least these four members.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

The Vm26Aa, Vm26Ab, Vm32E, Vm34Ca genes are responsible for encoding the major proteins of the first layer of the Drosophila eggshell, the vitelline membrane.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Sequences between -135 and -39bp of the Vm32E gene are sufficient for the correct temporal expression of Vm32E. The region between -465 and -249bp is required for high levels of transcription.

(Gargiulo et al., 1991)

Vm26Aa, Vm26Ab, Vm32E, Vm34Ca encode translation products with the high proline and alanine content characteristic of vitelline membrane proteins.

(Gigliotti et al., 1989, Mindrinos et al., 1985)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG16874

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Fakhouri et al., 2006, Misra, 2000.8.25)

VM321

(Gigliotti et al., 2000)

VM32E

(Huang et al., 2013, Bernardi et al., 2009, Cavaliere et al., 2008, Bernardi et al., 2007, Bernardi et al., 2007, Alatortsev, 2006, Fakhouri et al., 2006, Bernardi et al., 2005, Andrenacci et al., 2002, Andrenacci et al., 2000, Gigliotti et al., 2000, Andrenacci et al., 1999, Cavaliere et al., 1997)

VMP32E

(Cavaliere et al., 1995, Senger et al., 1995, Malva et al., 1994, Segalat et al., 1994, Gargiulo, 1992.4.30, Gargiulo et al., 1991, Malva et al., 1991)

Vm3

Vm32E

(Pignataro et al., 2024, Ekhteraei-Tousi et al., 2020, Seong et al., 2020, Moskalev et al., 2019, Stobdan et al., 2019, Kučerová et al., 2016, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Zhang et al., 2009, Haerty et al., 2007, Jagadeeshan and Singh, 2007, Lai et al., 2007, Bernardi et al., 2006)

Vm32Ea

Vm32Ec

(Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998)

Name Synonyms

Vitelline membrane 32E

(McGraw et al., 2008)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0003981
FBgn0003982

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 33 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

34558

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9VKI3

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9VKI3

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

X2J9F7

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9VKI3

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0014076

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

34558/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0014076

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0014076

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0014076

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Vitelline membrane cysteine-rich domain

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG16874

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

34558

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

60618

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0014076

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0014076

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0014076

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Vm32E_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0014076

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0014076

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0014076

References (73)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.38

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