Adh, Adh-2
Up-to-date information on gene product function can be found by searching UniProtKB for proteins or RNAcentral for non-coding RNAs.
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmul\Adh2 using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmul\Adh2 in JBrowsePlease Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
The phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of 39 drosophilid species have been studied by using the coding region of the Adh gene.
The srp-binding sites of the D.melanogaster and D.mulleri Adh larval promoters function as positive control elements.
Phylogenetic DNA sequence comparison of ten Drosophila species has been used to elucidate the secondary structure of Adh mRNA. One possible pairing region in the 5' leader sequence and 22 in the coding and noncoding regions have been identified by seeking an equivalent pairing region in homologous RNA. Most are short range pairings such as hairpins. The rate of coevolution in noncoding pairing region is higher than in coding regions in accordance with selective constraints on substitution rates in coding region.
Phylogenetic relationships in Drosophila are studied using the Alcohol dehydrogenase locus in several species.
Upstream element of 1.5kb, located 2-3 kb upstream of Dmul\Adh2 promoter, acts as a transcriptional enhancer. Full enhancer activity can be localised to a 750bp element.
The organization of the Adh gene region in D.hydei is similar to that found in D.mulleri and D.mojavensis. There are three tandem Adh genes: 5' gene is the pseudogene, Dmul\Adh2 and then the 3' gene Dmul\Adh1. Deletion of a nucleotide in the second coodon of each pseudogene suggests that the first duplication occurred before the divergence of the hydei and mulleri subgroups. Comparisons of the extent of sequence divergence propose that independent duplication events generated Dmul\Adh1 and Dmul\Adh2 in the two lineages.
Structure and nucleotide sequence comparisons of Adh genes proposed that an intial duplication of an ancestral Adh gene generated two Adh genes arranged in tandem. The more 5' gene became a pseudogene while the more 3' gene remained functional through all the developmental stages. A second duplication of this 3' gene resulted in 3 genes: a pseudogene, Dmul\Adh2 and Dmul\Adh1.
Dmul\Adh1 and Dmul\Adh2, though structurally distinct from the two-promoter Adh locus, can be regulated by the D.melanogaster trans acting factors.