FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\Syn
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Syn
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Synapsin
Annotation Symbol
CG3985
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0004575
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
22 publicly available
Gene Summary
Synapsin (Syn) encodes a phosphoprotein associated with synaptic vesicles. It interacts with the endocytic scaffolding protein encoded by Dap160. Phosphorylation of synapsin at serine 6 is required for associative short-term learning/memory and short-term olfactory habituation. It is important for outgrowth of synaptic boutons at the larval neuromuscular junction. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
85F16-86A1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-49
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:10190689..10222442
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR013815
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in associative learning
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Michels et al., 2011)
involved_in behavioral response to ethanol
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Godenschwege et al., 2004)
involved_in male courtship behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Godenschwege et al., 2004)
involved_in memory
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Godenschwege et al., 2004)
involved_in olfactory learning
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Godenschwege et al., 2004)
involved_in optomotor response
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Godenschwege et al., 2004)
involved_in response to heat
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Godenschwege et al., 2004)
involved_in synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Vasin et al., 2014)
involved_in terminal button organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Vasin et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in neurotransmitter secretion
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001359
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000851499
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in synaptic vesicle exocytosis
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Littleton, 2000)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in terminal bouton
inferred from direct assay
(Vasin et al., 2014, Klagges et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in synaptic vesicle membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000851499
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in synaptic vesicle
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001359
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the synapsin family. (Q24546)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Synapsin (Syn) encodes a phosphoprotein associated with synaptic vesicles. It interacts with the endocytic scaffolding protein encoded by Dap160. Phosphorylation of synapsin at serine 6 is required for associative short-term learning/memory and short-term olfactory habituation. It is important for outgrowth of synaptic boutons at the larval neuromuscular junction. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Plays a significant role in nervous system function, which is subtle at the cellular level but manifests itself in complex behavior.
(UniProt, Q24546)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

a vescular protein that participates in the regulation of neurotransmitter release - interacts with the cytoskeleton to regulate the number of synaptic vesicles available for release via exocytosis - promotes vesicle reuptake and reserve pool formation upon intense stimulation

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Syn for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24546)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Stop-codon suppression supported by data in FBrf0216884.

Stop-codon suppression (UAG) postulated; FBrf0087510.

Unconventional translation start (CUG) postulated; FBrf0087510 and GB:X95453.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Gene model reviewed during 6.19

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene_with_edited_transcript
(Rodriguez et al., 2012, Graveley et al., 2011, Diegelmann et al., 2006)
gene_with_start_codon_CUG
gene_with_stop_codon_read_through
(Jungreis et al., 2011, Klagges et al., 1996)
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Syn-RA
FBtr0089477
NM_169332
4206
537
Syn-RD
FBtr0100471
NM_169334
5803
1041
Syn-RE
FBtr0100472
NM_169333
5803
597
Syn-RF
FBtr0089475
NM_176451
5803
981
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Syn-PA
FBpp0088969
57.7
537
9.11
NP_731457
AAN13462
Syn-PD
FBpp0099901
109.4
1041
8.09
E2QCY9
NP_731459
AAF54506
Syn-PE
FBpp0099902
64.1
597
9.10
E2QCZ0
NP_731458
AAN13463
Syn-PF
FBpp0088481
103.0
981
8.10
NP_788628
AAO41538
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Identified in a complex with Syt1 and nwk.

(UniProt, Q24546)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Syn using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.73

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic ventral epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Syn in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 15 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Syn
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Syn
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 3 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)ED5472
(Pearson et al., 2016)
Df(3R)Exel6156
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Gene partially disrupted in
Df(3R)Timp-Syn28
(Godenschwege et al., 2000)
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (6)
Hsap\SYN3
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\SYN1
10 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\SYN2
10 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ACACA
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RIMKLA
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RIMKLB
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
Rnor\Syn3
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Syn1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Syn2
10 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Acaca
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC100362344
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rimkla
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rimklb
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (9)
Mmus\Syn3
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Syn1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Syn2
10 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Acaca
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pclo
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rimkla
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rimklb
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rnf213
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Ttn
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\syn3
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\syn1
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\syn2
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\acaca
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\acacb
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rgmb
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)
Drer\syn1
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\syn2a
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\syn2b
9 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\acacb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rimkla
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\snn-1
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\ttn-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003318
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (3)
Ecol\ddlB
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\gshB
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\rimK
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Syn. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    SYN3; synapsin III
    11 of 14
    602705
         
        SYN1; synapsin I
        10 of 14
        313440
         
        SYN2; synapsin II
        10 of 14
        600755
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
        Show/hide secondary interactors 
        (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
        Select Layout:
        Legend:
        Protein
        RNA
        Selected Interactor(s)
        Other Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        Syn - Dap160
        pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, far western blotting, molecular weight estimation by staining
        (Winther et al., 2015, Roos and Kelly, 1998)
        Syn - Syt1
        anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
        (Hur et al., 2018)
        Syn - cindr
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
        (Ojelade et al., 2019)
        Syn - nwk
        anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
        (Hur et al., 2018)
        RNA-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        Syn - TBPH
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
        (Romano et al., 2014)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Other Interaction Browsers
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Identified in a complex with Syt1 and nwk.
        (UniProt, Q24546 )
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-49
        Cytogenetic map
        85F16-86A1
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        85F16-86A1
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Fmr1EP3517&P{PZ}tws02414 and P{PZ}jumu06439&P{lacW}l(3)j8B6j8B6
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        85F15-85F16
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Ranz et al., 2001)
        86A-86A
        (Lloyd et al., 2000)
        Determined by comparing Celera genomic sequence with sequence from BDGP BAC and P1 clones.
        (Lloyd et al., 2000)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-49

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-46.6

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (22)
        Genomic Clones (20)
        cDNA Clones (115)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Blanco-Redondo et al., 2019)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              Syn regulates activity-dependent outgrowth of synaptic boutons at the neuromuscular junction.

              (Vasin et al., 2014)

              dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

              (Kiger et al., 2003)

              Syn is cloned and characterised, a 309 amino acid domain shows 50% identity to the C domain of vertebrate synapsins.

              (Klagges et al., 1996)

              The predicted amino acid sequence of the Syn gene product displays significant homology to the synaptic vesicle associated protein Synapse I from vertebrates.

              (Heimbeck et al., 1991)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              CG3985
              (Nuwal et al., 2011, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Shah et al., 2008, Dallman et al., 2004, Verstreken and Bellen, 2000.9.4)
              Dsyn-1
              (Nicol et al., 1997)
              SYN
              (Wu et al., 2024, Ryan et al., 2012, Dickman and Davis, 2009, Mohrmann et al., 2008, Todd and Staveley, 2007)
              SYN1
              (Klagges, 1996.1.25)
              SYN2
              (Klagges, 1996.1.25)
              Syn
              (Corthals et al., 2023, Armstrong and Frank, 2022, Deolankar et al., 2022, Pang et al., 2021, Park et al., 2021, Salim et al., 2021, Huang et al., 2020, Städele et al., 2020, Tamberg et al., 2020, Coll-Tané et al., 2019, Donde et al., 2019, Latcheva et al., 2019, Ojelade et al., 2019, Thum and Gerber, 2019, Vasin et al., 2019, Al-Ramahi et al., 2018, Pavin et al., 2018, Ugrankar et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Park et al., 2017, Rohde et al., 2017, Engel et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2015, Del Pino et al., 2015, Grotewiel and Bettinger, 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Chadha and Cook, 2014, Del Pino et al., 2014, Merlo et al., 2014, Mukherjee et al., 2014, Vanlandingham et al., 2014, Vasin et al., 2014, Enneking et al., 2013, Huang et al., 2013, Paemka et al., 2013, Robinson and Atkinson, 2013, Füger et al., 2012, Kaun et al., 2012, Rodriguez et al., 2012, Tsai et al., 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Jungreis et al., 2011, Lin et al., 2011, Nuwal et al., 2011, Ozdowski et al., 2011, Akbergenova and Bykhovskaia, 2010, Rohrbough and Broadie, 2010, Sánchez-Soriano et al., 2010, Fuentes-Medel et al., 2009, Gilestro et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.8.10, Oh et al., 2008, Pielage et al., 2008, Ranade et al., 2008, Akbergenova and Bykhovskaia, 2007, Akbergenova and Bykhovskaia, 2007, Besse et al., 2007, Junion et al., 2007, Kiger et al., 2007, Santos et al., 2007, Vömel and Wegener, 2007, Zeng et al., 2007, Burgler and Macdonald, 2005, Franchini et al., 2004, Godenschwege et al., 2004, Godenschwege et al., 2000, Klagges et al., 1996)
              Synapsin
              (Vernizzi et al., 2020)
              syn
              (Beaver et al., 2022, Hope et al., 2020, Sun et al., 2020, Fenckova et al., 2019, Scholz et al., 2019, Widmann et al., 2018, Kleber et al., 2016, Pearson et al., 2016, Romano et al., 2014, Roy and Jackson, 2014, Zhang et al., 2014, Diegelmann et al., 2013, Sadanandappa et al., 2013, Jungreis et al., 2011, Michels et al., 2011, Knapek et al., 2010, Busch et al., 2009, Michels et al., 2005, Bellen, 2000.12.25)
              synapsin
              (Sanuki, 2020)
              Name Synonyms
              Synapsin
              (Villalobos-Cantor et al., 2023, Gregor et al., 2022, Bridi et al., 2021, Quiñones-Frías and Littleton, 2021, Bridi et al., 2019, Doktór et al., 2019, Thum and Gerber, 2019, Tsai et al., 2019, Ehmann et al., 2018, Hur et al., 2018, Engel et al., 2016, Gupta et al., 2016, Kleber et al., 2016, Erdmann et al., 2015, Bulat et al., 2014, Roy and Jackson, 2014, Vanlandingham et al., 2014, Enneking et al., 2013, Aso et al., 2012, Kaun et al., 2012, Tsai et al., 2012, Tsai et al., 2012, Godena et al., 2011, Lin et al., 2011, Murphy, 2011, Busch and Tanimoto, 2010, Choi et al., 2010, Knapek et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2010, Marie et al., 2010, Miyazaki and Ito, 2010, Rohrbough and Broadie, 2010, Sánchez-Soriano et al., 2010, Busch et al., 2009, Fuentes-Medel et al., 2009, Fradkin et al., 2008, Oh et al., 2008, Oland et al., 2008, Shah et al., 2008, Akbergenova and Bykhovskaia, 2007, Besse et al., 2007, Heckscher et al., 2007, Stowers and Isacoff, 2007, Zeng et al., 2007, Ataman, 2006, Ataman et al., 2006, Wagh et al., 2006, Michels et al., 2005, Schmidt et al., 2000)
              Synapsin I
              (Roos and Kelly, 1998)
              Synapsin1
              (Boerner and Duch, 2010)
              synapsin
              (Baltruschat et al., 2021, Widmann et al., 2018, Winther et al., 2015, Romano et al., 2014, Roy and Jackson, 2014, Vanlandingham et al., 2014, Vasin et al., 2014, Maldonado et al., 2013, Potdar and Sheeba, 2013, Sadanandappa et al., 2013, Ryan et al., 2012, Volders et al., 2012, Cheng et al., 2011, de Araujo, 2011, Denker et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2011, Michels et al., 2011, Nuwal et al., 2011, Rosenbaum et al., 2011, Séjourné et al., 2011, Boerner and Duch, 2010, Busch and Tanimoto, 2010, Carlsson et al., 2010, de Haro et al., 2010, Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Dickman and Davis, 2009, Gilestro et al., 2009, Mohrmann et al., 2008, Pielage et al., 2008, Akbergenova and Bykhovskaia, 2007, Santos et al., 2007, Vömel and Wegener, 2007, Dekker et al., 2006, Diegelmann et al., 2006, Ashley et al., 2005, Sanchez-Soriano and Prokop, 2005, Dallman et al., 2004, Godenschwege et al., 2004, Kuppers-Munther et al., 2004, Gerber et al., 2003, Python and Stocker, 2002, Paradis et al., 2001, Godenschwege et al., 2000, Lloyd et al., 2000, Linial and Parnas, 1996)
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 63 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                References (233)