FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Su(Ste)

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Su(Ste)

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Suppressor of Stellate

Annotation Symbol

Feature Type

gene_array

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003582

Gene Model Status

Unannotated

Stock Availability

None publicly available

Gene Summary

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

cry, crystal, SuSte, rasi4, Ste

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (1 term)

Molecular Function (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in male meiosis chromosome segregation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Boschi et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

Su(Ste): Suppressor of Stellate

Designates the region of the Y chromosome whose presence decreases both abundance and splicing of the X-linked Ste transcripts. Ste males deficient for Su(Ste) display abundant star-shaped aggregates of needle-shaped crystals in the nuclei and cytoplasm of their primary spermatocytes; their spermatids contain micronuclei and nebenkerne of nonuniform size; and they are sterile. Ste+ males deficient for Su(Ste) have one or more long needle-shaped crystals in their primary spermatocytes and micronuclei and irregular nebenkerne in their spermatids; these males are fertile and display irregular disjunction as follows: (1) both the sex chromosomes and the large autosomes undergo nondisjunction, (2) the fourth chromosomes disjoin regularly, (3) sex chromosome nondisjunction is more frequent in cells in which the second or third chromosomes nondisjoin than in cells in which autosomal disjunction is regular, (4) in doubly exceptional cells, the sex chromosomes tend to segregate to the opposite pole from the autosomes, and (5) there is meiotic drive; i.e., reciprocal meiotic products are not recovered with equal frequencies, complements with fewer chromosomes being recovered more frequently than those with more chromosomes. Two smaller component deficiencies of the Su(Ste) deficiency display a normal meiotic phenotype in Ste+ males and low levels of meiotic non-disjunction in Ste males.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

gene_array

nuclear_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Su(Ste) using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

NA

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

polar primary spermatocyte

• nucleus

(Aravin et al., 2004)

mature primary spermatocyte

• nucleus | punctate

(Aravin et al., 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

Su(Ste) transcript is detected in the nuclei of early and mature primary spermatocytes. In early spermatocytes, Su(Ste) transcript has a diffuse nuclear localization, while in mature spermatocytes, transcript is observed in one or two bright discrete dots. The antisense probe does not distinguish between Su(Ste) and Ste transcripts.

(Aravin et al., 2004)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Su(Ste) in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Su(Ste)

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Su(Ste)

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 1 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Su(Ste)

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Su(Ste)

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(YL)Su(Ste)1

(Bozzetti et al., 1995)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Sterility

Allele

male semi-fertile

Su(Ste)^unspecified

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal meiotic cell cycle | male

Su(Ste)^unspecified

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Su(Ste). Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Other Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Other Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

Y-

Cytogenetic map

h11-h11

Sequence location

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

h11-h11

Left limit from sequence databank entry L42286 Right limit from sequence databank entry L42286

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

Y-

Left of (cM)

kl-1

Right of (cM)

kl-2

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (0)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Genomic Clones (0)

cDNA Clones (0)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs) are produced from the Su(Ste) locus.

(Vagin et al., 2006)

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is present throughout the fly's life cycle. The eccDNA population contains circular multimers of tandemly repeated genes, including Su(Ste).

(Cohen et al., 2003)

"Stellate-like" sequences (Ste, Su(Ste), SteXh and Ste12DOR) contain a common region of sequence, defined as the "Stellate-specific central core". Specific regions at either the 5' or 3' end of this core sequence distinguish different Stellate-like sequences from each other.

(Tritto et al., 2003)

Ste^-/Su(Ste)^- males have exactly the same meiotic drive phenotype as Ste⁺/Su(Ste)^- males.

(Belloni et al., 2002)

Alternative ways of Su(Ste) transcript processing caused by the divergence of the Su(Ste) repeats have been detected.

(Kalmykova et al., 1998)

The high extent of homology between Ste and Su(Ste) repeats suggested a possibility of Ste suppression by antisense transcription of Su(Ste) elements: however the detection of only "sense" Su(Ste) cDNAs in testis cDNA library argues against this proposal.

(Kalmykova et al., 1998)

Su(Ste) genes are transcribed and can encode a variant of the β-subunit of casein kinase 2.

(Kalmykova et al., 1997)

The Su(Ste) locus consists of short subarrays of tandem repeats separated by members of other moderately repeated families. Molecular analysis indicates that recombination among tandem Su(Ste) repeats occurs at much higher frequencies between close neighbors than distant ones, and that gene conversion rather than sister chromatid exchange may be the primary recombinational mechanism for spreading variation among the repeats.

(McKee and Satter, 1996)

The relationship of Ste copy number and organisation to meiotic behaviour in Su(Ste)^- males has been examined genetically and cytologically. Heterochromatic and euchromatic Ste repeats are functional, the abnormalities in chromosome condensation and frequency of nondisjunction is related to the Ste copy number. Meiosis is disrupted after synapsis and Su(Ste) induced meiotic drive is probably not mediated by Ste.

(Palumbo et al., 1994)

The Su(Ste) tandemly arranged repeat unit consists of a Ste-homologous region, a Y-specific region and an inserted 1360 mobile element. The location of 1360 suggests that the Ste-region and the Y-specific region were joined first, followed by the insertion of the 1360 element and subsequent amplification of the entire structure.

(Balakireva et al., 1992)

Designates the region of the Y chromosome whose presence decreases both abundance and splicing of the X-linked Ste transcripts. Ste males deficient for Su(Ste) display abundant star-shaped aggregates of needle-shaped crystals in the nuclei and cytoplasm of their primary spermatocytes; their spermatids contain micronuclei and nebenkerne of nonuniform size; and they are sterile. Ste⁺ males deficient for Su(Ste) have one or more long needle-shaped crystals in their primary spermatocytes and micronuclei and irregular nebenkerne in their spermatids; these males are fertile and display irregular disjunction as follows: (1) both the sex chromosomes and the large autosomes undergo nondisjunction, (2) the fourth chromosomes disjoin regularly, (3) sex chromosome nondisjunction is more frequent in cells in which the second or third chromosomes nondisjoin than in cells in which autosomal disjunction is regular, (4) in doubly exceptional cells, the sex chromosomes tend to segregate to the opposite pole from the autosomes and (5) there is meiotic drive; i.e., reciprocal meiotic products are not recovered with equal frequencies, complements with fewer chromosomes being recovered more frequently than those with more chromosomes. Two smaller component deficiencies of the Su(Ste) deficiency display a normal meiotic phenotype in Ste⁺ males and low levels of meiotic nondisjunction in Ste males.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Analysis using segmental Y deficiencies shows that Su(Ste) represses both the high levels and efficient splicing of Ste RNA.

(Livak, 1990)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Su(Ste) anon- EST:fe1B7

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

HMR

(Shevelyov et al., 1989)

HMR-element

PSY

(Tritto et al., 2003)

Ste

(Bozzetti et al., 2012)

Su(Ste)

(Santos et al., 2023, Chang et al., 2022, Kotov et al., 2022, Lim et al., 2022, Chen et al., 2021, Adashev et al., 2020, Bachtrog, 2020, Courret et al., 2019, Kotov et al., 2019, Marsano et al., 2019, Saha and Mishra, 2019, Specchia et al., 2017, Ryazansky et al., 2016, Hoskins et al., 2015, Malone et al., 2015, Yadlapalli and Yamashita, 2013, Yamashita, 2013, Bozzetti et al., 2012, Kibanov et al., 2012, Olenkina et al., 2012, Nagao et al., 2010, Specchia et al., 2010, Egorova et al., 2009, Kotelnikov et al., 2009, Li et al., 2009, Berry et al., 2008, Lemos et al., 2008, Grewal and Elgin, 2007, Horwich et al., 2007, Klenov et al., 2007, Nishida et al., 2007, Olenkina et al., 2007, Pane et al., 2007, Prasanth and Spector, 2007, Zaratiegui, 2007, Talbert and Henikoff, 2006, Vagin et al., 2006, Vagin et al., 2006, Cohen et al., 2005, Gvozdev et al., 2005, Usakin et al., 2005, Aravin et al., 2004, Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2001)

Su(ste)

(Yadlapalli and Yamashita, 2013, Haynes et al., 2006)

SuSte

(Gvozdev et al., 2005, Kalmykova, 1995, Kalmykova, 1995, Kalmykova, 1995)

anon-EST:fe1B7

cry

(Ryazansky et al., 2016, Bozzetti et al., 2012, Olenkina et al., 2012, Kotelnikov et al., 2009, Egorova et al., 2008, Boschi et al., 2006, Tritto et al., 2003, Belloni et al., 2002, Furuyama et al., 2001, Robbins, 1999, Schmidt et al., 1999, Bozzetti et al., 1995, Palumbo et al., 1994, Palumbo et al., 1994, Gatti and Pimpinelli, 1992)

rasi1

(Specchia et al., 2010)

rasi4

(Laneve and Giangrande, 2014, Specchia et al., 2010)

su(ste)

(Patil and Kai, 2010)

Name Synonyms

Heterochromatic Moderately Repetitive element

Stellate suppressor

(Gvozdev et al., 2005)

Suppressor of Stellate

(Malone et al., 2015, Yadlapalli and Yamashita, 2013, Bozzetti et al., 2012, Kibanov et al., 2012, Nagao et al., 2010, Kotelnikov et al., 2009, Li et al., 2009, Horwich et al., 2007, Nishida et al., 2007, Zaratiegui, 2007)

Suppressors of Stellate

(Aravin et al., 2004)

anon-fast-evolving-1B7

cry

(Adashev et al., 2020)

crystal

(Specchia et al., 2017, Ryazansky et al., 2016, Bozzetti et al., 2015, Bozzetti et al., 2012, Specchia et al., 2010, Egorova et al., 2008, Furuyama et al., 2001, Gatti and Pimpinelli, 1992)

heterochromatic moderate repeat

(Shevelyov et al., 1989)

suppressor of ste

(Patil and Kai, 2010)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0025265
FBgn0005668

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 11 )

Sequence Crossreferences

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

References (143)

NA

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