Gene Group: MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX IV SUBUNITS

General Information

Name

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX IV SUBUNITS

Species

D. melanogaster

Symbol

MCIV

FlyBase ID

FBgg0000488

Date last reviewed

2021-02-26

Number of members

Description

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal complex (complex IV) of the electron transfer chain, embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It catalyzes electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen in a process coupled to the transfer of protons across the inner membrane, thus contributing to the generation of the proton gradient that is used by ATP synthase to drive ATP synthesis. Eukaryotic COX is a multimeric enzyme formed by subunits of dual genetic origin. The three subunits forming the catalytic core of the enzyme (COX1, COX2 and COX3) are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. The remaining subunits are encoded by the nuclear DNA. The functions of these 'supernumerary subunits' are largely unknown, though are assumed to regulate complex IV activity and to coordinate energy production with cellular needs. (Adapted from PMID:17091399 and PMID:28870773.)

Notes on Group

NDUFA4 (aka ND-MLRQ) was originally assigned as a subunit of Complex I but is now known to be a supernumerary subunit of complex IV. (PMID:28870773)

Six supernumerary subunits of this complex are encoded by paralogous genes in D. melanogaster: COX4 and COX4L; COX5B and COX5BL; levy, COX6AL and COX6AL2; cype and COX6CL; COX7A, COX7AL and COX7AL2; COX7C and COX7CL. In each case, the first gene has widespread expression, whereas the other copy/copies (with an 'L' in the symbol) are expressed in a more restricted manner, usually specifically in the testis.

D. melanogaster COX7B (CG7630) is widely different in amino acid sequence, but similar in secondary and tertiary structures to mammalian COX7B, and is in fact replacing the latter subunit in virtually all protostome invertebrates (FBrf0254233).

Source Material

The MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX IV SUBUNITS Gene Group has been compiled using the following publication(s): Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Marygold, 2021.2.26, Rhooms et al., 2020, Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Porcelli et al., 2007, Caggese et al., 2006, Tripoli et al., 2005, and Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001 .

Key Gene Ontology (GO) terms

Molecular Function

cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Biological Process

mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen

Cellular Component

mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV

Enzymatic activity

Enzyme name (EC)

cytochrome-c oxidase (7.1.1.9)

Related Gene Groups

Parent group(s)

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION CHAIN COMPLEX SUBUNITS

OXIDOREDUCTION-DRIVEN TRANSMEMBRANE TRANSPORTERS

Component group(s)

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX IV - CORE SUBUNITS

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX IV - SUPERNUMERARY SUBUNITS

Members (22)

For all members:

GO ribbon stack

	molecular function	biological process	cellular component

Gene Symbol

Gene Name

Also Known As

Source Material for Membership

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX IV - CORE SUBUNITS

Gene Symbol

Gene Name

Also Known As

Source Material for Membership

mt:CoI

mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I

COI, COXI, COX1, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COX

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, FlyBase, 2017-, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

mt:CoII

mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II

COII, COXII, Cox2, COX, cytochrome c

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, FlyBase, 2017-, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

mt:CoIII

mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III

COIII, COXIII, COX3, cytochrome c oxidase subunit III, COX

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, FlyBase, 2017-, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX IV - SUPERNUMERARY SUBUNITS

Gene Symbol

Gene Name

Also Known As

Source Material for Membership

COX4

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4

CoIV, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, COX, IV, dCOXIV

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Porcelli et al., 2007, Caggese et al., 2006, Tripoli et al., 2005, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

COX4L

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4-like

cytochrome c oxidase

(Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Caggese et al., 2006, Tripoli et al., 2005, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

COX5A

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A

CoVa, cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va, tend, Va, tenured

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Porcelli et al., 2007, Caggese et al., 2006, Tripoli et al., 2005, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

COX5B

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B

CoVb, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb, Vb

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Porcelli et al., 2007, Caggese et al., 2006, Tripoli et al., 2005, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

COX5BL

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B-like

(Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Caggese et al., 2006, Tripoli et al., 2005, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

COX6AL

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A-like

(Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Tripoli et al., 2005)

COX6AL2

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A-like 2

(Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

COX6B

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B

CoVIb, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Porcelli et al., 2007, Tripoli et al., 2005, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

COX6CL

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like

(Marygold, 2021.2.26)

COX7A

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Porcelli et al., 2007, Caggese et al., 2006, Tripoli et al., 2005, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

COX7AL

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-like

(Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Caggese et al., 2006, Tripoli et al., 2005, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

COX7AL2

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-like 2

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Marygold, 2021.2.26)

COX7B

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022)

COX7C

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C

CoVIIc, VIIc

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Porcelli et al., 2007, Caggese et al., 2006, Tripoli et al., 2005, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

COX7CL

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C-like

(Marygold, 2021.2.26)

COX8

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8

0554/18, VIII, CoVIII

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

cype

cyclope

l(2)03771, COX6C, Cyc

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Porcelli et al., 2007, Caggese et al., 2006, Tripoli et al., 2005, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

levy

COX6A, Cytochrome c oxidase Polypeptide VIA

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16, Porcelli et al., 2007, Caggese et al., 2006, Tripoli et al., 2005, Szuplewski and Terracol, 2001)

ND-MLRQ

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) MLRQ subunit

(Brischigliaro et al., 2022, Rhooms et al., 2020)

External Data

Equivalent Group(s)

Human Mitochondrial complex IV: cytochrome c oxidase subunits (HGNC)

Other resource(s)

[Transporter Classification Database:The Proton-translocating Cytochrome Oxidase (COX) Superfamily](https://tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=3.d.4)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs

Synonym(s)

Cytochrome A3

Respiratory chain complex IV

COX

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX IV SUBUNITS

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX IV - CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE SUBUNITS

MCIV

Secondary FlyBase ID(s)

References (10)

Report Sections

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