FB2024_03 , released April 23, 2024
Gene: Dmel\Sgs3
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Sgs3
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Salivary gland secretion 3
Annotation Symbol
CG11720
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003373
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
Also Known As

Sgs-3, group IV, Sgs

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-36
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:11512221..11513402
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (3 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in puparial adhesion
inferred from expression pattern
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Gene Group (FlyBase)
    MUCINS -
    Mucin/mucin-like proteins are heavily O-glycosylated proteins characterized by proline, threonine and serine tandem repeats. Mucins form extracellular matrix networks or act as mucosal secretion lubricants. (Adapted from FBrf0205867.)
    GLUE PROTEINS -
    Salivary gland secretion genes encode proteins that make up the glue produced by Drosophila larvae that serves to attach the pupa to an external substrate during metamorphosis. (Adapted from FBrf0241323.)
    Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
    Sgs3
    The structural gene for glue protein, SGS3. Dependence of initiation and cessation of Sgs3 expression on ecdysterone levels studied by Crowley and Meyerowitz (1984, Dev. Biol. 102: 110-21). Expression of Sgs3 as well as Sgs7 and Sgs8 does not take place in the presence of the nonpupariating lethal mutation, npr, which is a member of the Broad Complex, BRC; expression cannot be rescued by the administration of ecdysterone; npr does not inhibit formation of intermolt puff 67C, thus dissociating transcription from puff formation (Crowley, Mathers, and Meyerowitz, 1984, Cell 39: 149-56).
    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    1
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    1

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Sgs3 for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Structure
    Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P02840)

    If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
    Model Confidence:
    • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
    • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
    • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
    • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

    AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

    Experimentally Determined Structures
    Crossreferences
    Comments on Gene Model

    Gene model reviewed during 5.43

    Gene model reviewed during 5.45

    Gene model reviewed during 5.55

    Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    FBtr0076096
    1109
    307
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    UniProt
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    FBpp0075827
    32.2
    307
    10.66
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)
    Comments
    External Data
    Post Translational Modification

    O-glycosylated by Pgnat9 in salivary glands.

    (UniProt, P02840)
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Sgs3 using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Testis-specificity index

    The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

    -0.20

    Transcript Expression
    northern blot
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    RT-PCR
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    Additional Descriptive Data

    Sgs3, Sgs7 and Sgs8 are expressed at high levels in salivary glands during the intermolt puff stage.

    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Polypeptide Expression
    dissected tissue
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    mass spectroscopy
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    Additional Descriptive Data

    Relative to one another, expression of Sgs6+P is observed first, Sgs3-XP, Sgs4+P, Sgs5-XP next (106-120 hours after hatching) and Sgs1-XP last.

    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    inferred from direct assay
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    Reporter: P{Sgs3-GAL4.PD}
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\Sgs3 in JBrowse
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Images
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 9 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 30 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Sgs3
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Sgs3
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 9 )
    Variants
    Variant Molecular Consequences
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
    Other Phenotypes
    Allele
    Phenotype manifest in
    Allele
    Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
    1 of 12
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 12
    Yes
    Yes
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
    1 of 13
    Yes
    Yes
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Sgs3. Refer to their site for version information.
    Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
      Show/hide secondary interactors 
      (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
      Select Layout:
      Legend:
      Protein
      RNA
      Selected Interactor(s)
      Other Interaction Browsers

      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Other Interaction Browsers
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Linkouts
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3L
      Recombination map
      3-36
      Cytogenetic map
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      68C11-68C11
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0123901239&P{lacW}l(3)01239j9B4 and P{PZ}CycA02461&P{PZ}CycA03946
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      68C-68C
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      68C3-68C7
      (determined by in situ hybridisation) 68C3--5 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      The Sgs3 gene colocalizes with the 68C intermolt puff.
      Associated with the intermolt puff in 68C.
      The Sgs3 gene colocalizes with intermolt puff at 68C.
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes

      Mapping based on 100 se-kni recombinants.

      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (8)
      Genomic Clones (11)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (28)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Comments

                  Binding sites for the EcR/usp heterodimer in the Sgs3 upstream region have been identified. Fragments covering the upstream region compete for binding of the ecdysone receptor for the Hsp27 EcRE. Each of the elements 3/I and 3/II is required for the full transcriptional activation of Sgs3, but Sgs3 can be induced to considerable transcriptional activity in the absence of both elements.

                  fkh protein strongly interacts with the proximal element of Sgs3 and it regulates Sgs3 tissue-specific expression. fkh is expressed in the appropriate tissue and is bound to many loci including the Sgs genes on polytene chromosomes.

                  Gene expression is unaffected in Eip74EFneo24 mutants but transcripts are moderately affected in Eip74EFDL-1 mutants.

                  Ecdysteroid-regulated gene.

                  Starting from gastrulation the Sgs3 enhancer is maintained in an inactive state by a positioned nucleosomal core particle when Sgs3 is not expressed. This nucleosome is displaced or modified during gene activation. Gebf-I binds to enhancer sequences and mutation of the binding sites reduces Sgs3 expression. Results clearly suggest the direct involvement of Gebf-I in the activity of the enhancer and in the arrangement of an alternative chromatin structure in vivo.

                  An investigation of the relationship between transcription, puffing and hormone regulation of intermoult puff was analysed using ecd1 mutant embryos: Sgs3 expression is more severely reduced by shifting ecd1 embryos to the restrictive temperature, 30oC, than the reduction seen in Sgs4 embryos.

                  One of a group of seven genes encoding proteins that are components of the secretion produced by the larval salivary glands during the third instar for the purpose of attaching the larva to the substrate preparative to pupariation.

                  Gebf-I is a stage- and tissue-specific factor that binds to a distal regulatory region required for the transcription of the Sgs3 gene. Sgs3 expression is rapidly induced by ecdysone.

                  Sgs3, Sgs4 and Sgs5 transcript levels are very low in hemizygous brrbp-1 larvae and pupae.

                  Six base pairs in the Sgs3 proximal regulatory element that are important in regulating third instar salivary gland-specific expression have been identified using mutated Sgs3-Adh regulatory fusion constructs.

                  Analysis of Ecol\lacZSgs3.GLX3.3 expression in salivary glands mosaic for brnpr-3 suggests a cell-autonomous requirement for br+ function for the expression of Sgs3 in the salivary gland.

                  Analysis of deletion constructs of Sgs3 has identified at least three regions important for normal transcription of the gene.

                  The temporal expression of Sgs3 RNA and the effect of ecdysterone on this expression has been determined.

                  Expression of Sgs3 as well as Sgs7 and Sgs8 does not take place in the presence of a nonpupariating lethal mutation of the Broad Complex; expression cannot be rescued by the administration of ecdysterone; the mutant does not inhibit formation of intermolt puff 67C, thus dissociating transcription from puff formation.

                  Initiation of transcription, but not of intermolt-puff formation seems to depend on the presence of suitable levels of ecdysterone in early third instar larvae.

                  Identification: During a molecular analysis of the 68C puff locus.

                  Sequences located 5' to Sgs7, Sgs8, Sgs3, the Hsp70 genes at 87A and 87C and the copia coding region are similar to the sequence at -405 from Sgs4.

                  Synthesis of the glue proteins begins about 106 h after egg deposition and ceases abruptly within a few minutes after the glue is released 14 h later.

                  Initiation of transcription of the Sgs genes is coincident with the formation of the intermolt puffs in early to mid third instar.

                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database merge of
                  Additional comments
                  Nomenclature History
                  Source for database identify of

                  Source for identity of: Sgs3 CG11720

                  Nomenclature comments
                  Etymology
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
                  Reported As
                  Symbol Synonym
                  Name Synonyms
                  Mucin 68Cb
                  Salivary gland secretion 3
                  salivary gland glue protein 3
                  Secondary FlyBase IDs
                    Datasets (0)
                    Study focus (0)
                    Experimental Role
                    Project
                    Project Type
                    Title
                    Study result (0)
                    Result
                    Result Type
                    Title
                    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 27 )
                    Sequence Crossreferences
                    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                    UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                    UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                    Other crossreferences
                    AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                    FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                    MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                    Linkouts
                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                    FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                    References (178)