gypsy insulator, su(Hw) insulator, suHw, gypsy, SHWBS
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\gypsy\su(Hw)BR using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\gypsy\su(Hw)BR in JBrowsePlease Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
The gypsy\su(Hw)BR insulator might establish higher-order domains of chromatin structure and regulate nuclear organisation by tethering the DNA to the nuclear matrix and creating chromatin loops.
gypsy\su(Hw)BR insulators appear to be able to interact with each other in pairs.
The gypsy\su(Hw)BR insulator can function at the end of a truncated chromosome. Addition of the insulator upstream of the y enhancers overcomes the enhancer-blocking activity of the gypsy\su(Hw)BR insulator inserted between the y enhancers and promoter. The gypsy\su(Hw)BR insulators do not seem to form separate transcriptional domains that delimit the interactions between enhancers and promoters.
The gypsy\su(Hw)BR contains several DNase I hypersensitive sites whose occurrence is dependent on the binding of the su(Hw) protein. The presence of the gypsy\su(Hw)BR in the 5' region of the y gene (in two mutant alleles) increases the accessibility of the DNA to nucleases in the promoter-proximal, but not the promoter-distal, region. This increase in accessibility is not due to alterations in the primary chromatin fibre, because the number and position of the nucleosomes appears to be the same in the presence or absence of the insulator.
Analysis of mutations in the sc gene indicates that the gypsy\su(Hw)BR does not have to be located between a promoter and its enhancers to interfere with the enhancer activity.
The gypsy\su(Hw)BR is effective at preventing repression caused by Polycomb group genes.
gypsy\su(Hw)BR interacts with components of the nuclear matrix: results suggest a MAR/SAR activity.
A stripe expression assay in which the gypsy\su(Hw)BR is inserted between defined enhancers and placed among divergently transcribed reporter genes (w and Ecol\lacZ) containing distinct core promoter sequences has been used to analysed the role of mod(mdg4) in gypsy\su(Hw)BR activity. mod(mdg4) is essential for the enhancer blocking activity of the gypsy\su(Hw)BR. In addition, reductions in mod(mdg4)+ activity cause the gypsy\su(Hw)BR to function as a promoter-specific enhancer that selectively represses w but not the closely linked Ecol\lacZ gene, suggesting that the gypsy\su(Hw)BR does not propagate changes in chromatin structure.
Flanking gypsy\su(Hw)BRs can create a chromosomal domain permissible for activity of the chorion gene DNA replication origin, DNA replication is dramatically protected from position effects. Inclusion of only a single gypsy\su(Hw)BR does not detectably protect chorion gene DNA replication origin from position effects.
The enhancer blocking activity of the gypsy\su(Hw)BR element depends on the number of su(Hw) protein binding sites.
430bp fragment of gypsy\su(Hw)BR can block the interaction of defined eve stripe enhancers when positioned between the enhancer and target promoter. Results suggest that gypsy\su(Hw)BR may act as flexible regulatory element that modulates enhancer-promoter interactions within complex promoters and complex genetic loci. The insulator does not propagate changes in chromatin structure and may not be restricted to the functional isolation of neighbouring genetic loci.
A fragment of gypsy carrying 12 su(Hw) binding sites is a chromatin insulator that prevents an enhancer located on one side of a boundary from acting on promoters of neighbouring genes located in the adjacent domain (FBrf0083065).
Dosage compensation of autosomally integrated mini-w genes flanked by gypsy\su(Hw)BR sequences is greatly improved compared to insertions not flanked by gypsy\su(Hw)BR, such that complete or nearly complete compensation was observed at the majority of X and autosomal insertion sites. The su(Hw) protein is essential for this enhanced dosage compensation. gypsy\su(Hw)BR may protect the mini-w gene from a negative autosomal chromatin environment. The gypsy\su(Hw)BR flanking the mini-w gene does not promote negative pairing effect on w expression.
22% of recessive lethal mutations caused by the insertion of P{SUPor-P}, which contains gypsy\su(Hw)BR sequences, are suppressed by mutations in su(Hw), indicating that they would not have been detected by a standard P-element insertion.
gypsy\su(Hw)BR contains 12 copies of a consensus sequence and is located in the 5' untranslated region of gypsy between the 5' LTR and the first ATG initiation codon. su(Hw) interacts specifically with this region in vitro.
